Here, we will focus on the five-phase model taught in the Hasso-Plattner Institute at Stanford. We've chosen d. school's approach because they're at the forefront of applying and teaching Framework Thinking in the new codified version with great results.

The five phases of Framework Thinking are as follows:

Empathize – with your users

Define – your users' needs, their problem, and your insights

Ideate – by challenging assumptions and creating ideas for innovative solutions

Prototype – to start creating solutions

Test – solutions

It is important to note that the five phases, stages, or steps are not always sequential. They do not have to follow any specific order and can often occur in parallel and repeat iteratively. Given that, you should not understand the phases as a hierarchical or step-by-step process. Instead, it would be best if you looked at it as an overview of the steps or stages that contribute to an innovative project, rather than sequential steps.